دلتا E (فرق اللون)

Delta E (written as dE or DE) is calculated in perceptually uniform color spaces, typically CIELAB. A Delta E of 1.0 represents the smallest color difference most people can perceive. Values below 1.0 are imperceptible to most observers, 1-2 is perceptible through close observation, 2-10 is perceptible at a glance, and above 10 indicates colors are clearly different hues. Several formulas exist: CIE76 (Euclidean distance in Lab), CIE94, and CIEDE2000 (the most accurate, accounting for perceptual non-uniformities). Delta E is essential in manufacturing quality control, color matching, and verifying print accuracy.