Dithering
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A technique that simulates colors outside a limited palette by interspersing pixels of available colors to create the illusion of intermediate shades.
Dithering arranges pixels of two or more available colors in patterns that the eye blends at a distance, perceiving a color that is not actually present in the palette. Common algorithms include Floyd-Steinberg (error diffusion) and ordered dithering (using a Bayer matrix). Dithering was essential in the era of limited color palettes (8-bit and 16-bit displays, GIF format) and remains important in certain contexts: reducing file sizes in GIF and PNG images, printing with limited ink colors, and creating a retro aesthetic. In modern design, dithering is occasionally used deliberately as a stylistic choice for texture and nostalgic visual effect.